{"id":900666,"date":"2026-08-28T22:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T19:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/voc-hub.com\/?p=900666"},"modified":"2026-09-28T22:35:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T19:35:15","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/?p=900666","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 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\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a 2001\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2002\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a 2003 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 (Moughrabi 2001, 7). \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 (Pina 2005).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631: &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 &#8221; CMIP Center of Monitoring the Impact of peace \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 (\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a (Brown&nbsp; 2001, 3). \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a &nbsp;(Hovsepian 2008, 159). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 &nbsp;CMIP\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f &#8220;\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 &#8221; &#8220;Harry S. Truman Research Institute&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Moughrabi 2001, 8) (\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 2010\u060c 65).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 .(Brown 2001, 3) \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Moughrabi 2001) (Mazawi 2011)&nbsp;(Murray 2008) (Nicoli 2007. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c (Murray 2008, 42). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0635 2008\u060c 509).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c. \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627) Murray 2008, 42))&nbsp;(Moughrabi 2001, 8). \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 Israel policy forum &nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 2001 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 (Moughrabi 2001, 8). \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0631 Charles Schumer &nbsp;\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Moughrabi 2001, 8) Murray 2008, 42) )\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.&nbsp; \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.234), 17px);\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Brown, Nathan. 2001. &#8220;Democracy, History,and the contest over the palestinian curriculum.&#8221; <em>Adam Institute<\/em> 1-26.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Hovsepian, N. 2008. <em>Palestinian state formation: Education and the construction of national Identity.<\/em> Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Mazawi, Andre Elias. 2011. &#8220;&#8221;Which Palestine Should we Teach&#8221;? Signatures, Palimpsetes, and Srtuggles over school textbooks .&#8221; <em>Springer<\/em> 169-183.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Moughrabi, Fouad. 2001. &#8220;The Politics of Palestinian Textbooks.&#8221; <em>Journal of Palestine studies<\/em> 5-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Murray, Helen. 2008. &#8220;Curriculum Wars: national identity in education .&#8221; <em>London Review of Education<\/em> 39-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Nicolai, S., 2007. <em>Fragmented Foundations: education and chronic crisis in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.<\/em> London: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning &amp; Save the Children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">Pina, Aaron. 2005. <em>Palestininan Education ad Debate over Textbooks .<\/em> unclassified, Washington DC: CRS Report of Congress .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646. 2010. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/em> \u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 : \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\">\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0635. 2008. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0644.&#8221; \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c 505-514. \u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:12px\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 &nbsp;\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":900648,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"voc_source_url":"","voc_series_label":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[7],"class_list":["post-900666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-19","tag-qalam-mihani"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=900666"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":900668,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900666\/revisions\/900668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/900648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=900666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=900666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.voc-hub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=900666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}